Since the adoption of the 22nd General Conference of UNESCO in 1983, April 18 every year is the "International Day of Monuments and Sites", which aims to promote the concept of heritage protection on a global scale and enhance the public's awareness of heritage protection.
The Paper learned that the China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites held an academic seminar on "Heritage and Climate" on April 18. This seminar is a positive response to ICOMOS's international issues on climate change, and it is also a phased summary of the concepts and experiences of China's heritage field in addressing climate change. It is the highest-level discussion on heritage protection and climate change in China so far. one.

meeting venue

Song Xinchao, chairman of the China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites and deputy director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, delivered a speech for the event, which was read by the representative of the association's secretary-general, Yan Yalin. Song Xinchao said in his speech that cultural heritage workers are more and more concerned about the impact of global climate change on human society, and more concerned about the issue of heritage protection. In recent years, extreme weather disasters have affected the safety of my country's cultural heritage. How to promote the protection of heritage in the context of climate change has become a difficult problem for heritage workers. He pointed out that the convening of this symposium is not only a positive response to ICOMOS on the international issue of climate change, but also a phased summary of the concepts and experience of China's heritage field in addressing climate change, calling on the majority of cultural heritage workers to In the cultural relics protection project, the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech and instructions on carbon neutrality will be implemented to provide Chinese wisdom and Chinese strength for building a community with a shared future for mankind.
Jiang Bo, Vice Chairman of ICOMOS, Ling Ming, Deputy Director of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics, and Yan Chenggao, Deputy Director of Natural Reserve Management Department of State Forestry and Grassland Administration attended the meeting and delivered speeches.
Jiang Bo said that ICOMOS took "heritage and climate" as the theme of this year's International Day for Monuments and Sites, which has far-reaching intentions. UNESCO released "World Heritage and Tourism under Climate Change", pointing out that climate change has become one of the most important factors threatening world heritage, and many world natural and cultural heritages are being affected by rising temperatures, melting glaciers, sea level changes, Meteorological disasters and severe droughts are facing major threats. China is one of the countries facing the greatest threat from climate change in the world. It will be a long-term and arduous task to properly respond to the challenges posed by catastrophic climate and sea level rise, including the negative impact on cultural heritage, by taking precautionary measures against danger in times of safety.
Ling Ming said that Beijing is one of the cities with the most world heritage sites and the densest cultural relics and historic sites in China. In recent years, under the guidance of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Beijing has carried out climate change response work from three aspects: first, changing the concept of protection and actively responding to climate risks; second, strengthening disaster assessment and capacity building to ensure the elimination of hidden dangers; third It is to establish a cooperation mechanism between industries and departments to jointly improve the effect of heritage protection. He said that the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage will strengthen experience sharing and practical exploration to further promote the response to climate change.
Yan Chenggao said that the State Forestry and Grassland Administration has carried out a series of active attempts to implement the country's strategic requirements for addressing climate change, to show the world the new achievements of China's ecological civilization construction. In order to strengthen the protection, utilization and inheritance of world heritage, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage signed a cooperation agreement to strengthen the work of world heritage, laying a solid foundation for my country's world heritage to respond to the challenges of climate change. He proposed that the State Forestry and Grassland Administration will continue to carry out multi-departmental cooperation, support interdisciplinary research, optimize the risk response mechanism and capability of heritage protection, and promote the coordinated protection of natural heritage and cultural heritage.
Experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites, the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Dunhuang Research Institute, the Palace Museum, Tsinghua University and other research institutes, focusing on "the international trend of climate change and domestic heritage protection strategies "Climate change protection and management strategies for heritage sites", "Application of new scientific and technological means in the field of heritage protection" and "Climate protection and restoration technology for cultural relics under specific climatic conditions" were discussed. State Administration of Cultural Heritage, representatives of cultural relics departments in Beijing, Henan, Shanxi, Zhejiang and other relevant provinces and cities, vice-chairmen of China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites, Chai Xiaoming, Wang Xudong, Shu Xiaofeng, executive directors of the association, representatives of relevant professional committees, member units, and associations Participate and communicate with individual members, experts and representatives of young scholars through a combination of online and offline. Wang Lijun and Lu Zhou, vice presidents of the association, presided over the morning and afternoon seminars respectively.
Chen Fahu, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced the important relationship between climate and human social development and civilization evolution with the title of "Climate Change and Human Diffusion and Civilization Evolution: Focusing on Eurasia". Climate change not only changed the production and living patterns of early humans, but also promoted population growth and migration, and was also an important factor in promoting the development of human civilization. Academician Chen shared the latest research results on climate change and the evolution of human civilization in the fields of archaeology and paleoclimatology, revealing the history of human diffusion in Eurasia since the Neolithic Age, cross-continental communication and its impact on the temporal and spatial changes in the production model. And the impact of climate change on the development of civilization along the ancient Silk Road.
Professor Min Qingwen, deputy director of the Natural and Cultural Heritage Research Center of the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the title of "Agricultural Cultural Heritage and Climate: Impact, Adaptation and Service", proposed that agricultural cultural heritage has ecological protection, cultural inheritance and food and livelihood security. To protect the function, it is proposed to strengthen the research on the relationship between agricultural cultural heritage and climate, and implement the effective protection and rational use of agricultural cultural heritage on the basis of it.
Zhang Jie, Dean of the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, and Professor of the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, delivered a speech titled "China's Settlement Wisdom - Taking the Tunnel Dong Village as an Example". In the long-term practice, the people have formed the principle of coping with nature and creating a livable environment, leaving us with a settlement environment and landscape with local characteristics represented by Dong villages.

On July 17, 2019, the water accumulation caused by the rain in the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang

Su Bomin, Dean of Dunhuang Research Institute, gave a speech on "Practice and Strategies of Coping with Climate Change in Mogao Grottoes". He introduced that the environment of the Mogao Grottoes is characterized by arid climate and increased frequency of rainstorms. Controlling the violent fluctuations in humidity and the influence of water is a key measure for long-term preservation of the murals. Mogao Grottoes has established a monitoring and early warning system for this purpose, and cooperated with the local meteorological department to obtain the meteorological change data in advance, and take corresponding measures to prevent the occurrence of high humidity in the caves.
Wang Xinyuan, deputy director of the International Center for Space Technology for Natural and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO, made a report on "The Impact of Climate Change on Cultural Heritage: Observation, Cognition and Response Based on Spatial Information", and analyzed the climate from the perspective of space and remote sensing monitoring. The impact of changes on the protection of different types of cultural heritage around the world, and the role of spatial information technology in the monitoring and evaluation of cultural heritage protection.
Qiao Yunfei, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, took the title of "The Trend of Rainstorm Disaster Risk Changes for Immovable Cultural Relics in my country from the Perspective of Climate Change". The spatial correlation of natural disasters, analyzing and judging the regional changes of immovable cultural relics risk of rainstorm disasters, and providing a "spatial" perspective and ideas for disaster prevention and mitigation of immovable cultural relics.
Du Qiming, former vice president of the Henan Provincial Museum, and Bai Xuebing, deputy director of the Shanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics, reviewed the damage to cultural relics caused by extreme precipitation in Henan and Shanxi in 2021, and introduced the cultural relics protection and rescue in response to the disaster in the two provinces. A series of measures such as maintenance were introduced, and experience and thinking were introduced around the characteristics of cultural relics such as earth sites and ancient buildings. Du Qiming proposed that the protection strategy of soil sites should be based on the climatic changes; different technical guidelines should be formulated according to different climates and site characteristics. Bai Xuebing proposed that the relationship between maintenance and emergency repair, "queuing and cutting in line" for repair projects, leadership and participation, emergency response and prevention, research and development, and guidance and supervision should be properly handled.

Hangzhou Happy Yongning Bridge

Huang Zi, former president of Zhejiang Ancient Architecture Design and Research Institute, introduced the risk assessment, daily management and inspection, emergency response of cultural relics workers in southeastern my country when responding to flood disasters with the title of "Practice of Heritage Protection in Southeast China's Response to Floods" Taking the Taishun Covered Bridge, Huanxi Yongning Bridge and Taizhou City Wall, which have been greatly affected by flood disasters in recent years, as examples, this paper summarizes and summarizes the heritage protection practices in response to flood disasters in southeastern my country.
With the title of "Climate Change and Cultural Heritage Abroad, and Implications for my country", Zheng Jun, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, reviewed the definition of "climate change" and the origin of the term, and sorted out the international community's response to climate change. The main action is to identify and analyze the relationship between climate change and sustainable development, summarize the principles, methods and measures of protecting cultural heritage in response to climate change abroad, and discuss the reference of foreign experience to my country's cultural heritage protection.
Liu Wenyan, associate researcher of the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, with the title of "Challenges and Responses: The Protection of the Great Wall under the Impact of Climate Change", expounds the climate challenges faced by the Great Wall through typical cases of the Great Wall damaged by climate in different geographical environments and different construction materials. ; analyzed the important measures to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on the Great Wall through preventive protection in recent years, and proposed strategies to implement the protection of the Great Wall in different dimensions under the condition of climate change.
Zhang Xiaogu, associate researcher of the Department of Ancient Architecture of the Palace Museum, with the title of "Climate Change and the Practice of Preventive Protection of Ancient Buildings in the Palace Museum", sorted out the impact of climate change in Beijing on the Palace Museum, and introduced the Palace Museum's normalization of the climate environment in real time. On the basis of monitoring, it is a series of practices that link the meteorological department to carry out extreme weather warnings, establish a list of risk factors for ancient buildings, and improve the scientific building ontology and risk monitoring system.
Wei Qing, Secretary-General of the Cultural Heritage Management Research Committee of the China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites, shared Gulangyu's response to Typhoon Moranti and the subsequent response to typhoons with the title of "Meteorological Disaster Response and Meteorological Landscape Monitoring - Protection Practices of Gulangyu Island and Lushan Mountain". The monitoring, early warning and preventive measures of disasters, and the new exploration of meteorological landscape monitoring in Mount Lu, discussed the significance of the meteorological landscape represented by the sea of clouds in the composition of mountain-type cultural heritage value and the public value experience.

Panorama of the East Hall of Foguang Temple

Zhang Rong, deputy chief engineer of Beijing Guowenyan Cultural Heritage Protection Center Co., Ltd., reviewed the building body and monitoring projects carried out in response to the rain leakage phenomenon in the main hall of Foguang Temple with the title of "Research on the body and environmental monitoring and preventive protection of the East Hall of Foguang Temple" , expounds the monitoring contents of environmental meteorological monitoring, regular and real-time monitoring of structural displacement and deformation, rain leakage monitoring and early warning system, and provides important reference for carrying out accurate and scientific preventive protection.
Zhang Zhiguo, a research librarian at the Archaeological Research Center of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, took "Thinking about the Impact of Climate Change on Sites and Coping Strategies—Taking Xinjiang as an Example". The annual average precipitation, heavy precipitation, daily maximum precipitation, daily temperature range, average wind speed and other meteorological data were counted and compared, and the relationship between climate change and the development of site diseases was discussed.
Finally, the China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites released the Proposal on Addressing Climate Change and Promoting the Sustainable Development of Cultural Heritage, calling on heritage protectors to work with people from all walks of life to promote the common development of China's climate change response and heritage protection, and create more Excellent case of the organic combination of multi-heritage protection and sustainable and green development.
It is reported that the seminar was co-organized by the association's historical villages and towns, grottoes, management research, disaster prevention and mitigation and other special committees; the association's governing unit Zhejiang Ancient Architecture Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., and the member unit Beijing Guowenyan Garden Ancient Architecture Project Co., Ltd., Suzhou Jicheng Cultural Relics and Architecture Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd. and other institutions.
Since the adoption of the 22nd General Conference of UNESCO in 1983, April 18 every year is the "International Day of Monuments and Sites", which aims to promote the concept of heritage protection on a global scale and enhance the public's awareness of heritage protection. In recent years, with global warming and extreme meteorological disasters, heritage protection under climate change has quickly become a hot topic. The successful convening of this seminar is a positive response to ICOMOS's international issues on climate change, and it is also a phased summary of China's heritage field's ideas and experience in addressing climate change. One of the highest level seminars.
As the National Committee of ICOMOS China, the China Association for the Protection of Monuments and Sites has been focusing on the development of the theme activities of the International Day of Monuments and Sites on April 18, and has played a bridge role in cultural heritage protection at home and abroad as well as inside and outside the industry. China has always been one of the countries where ICOMOS has the most activities on April 18 every year. This year, many units have carried out a variety of public and academic seminars, and the number of activities in China ranks first among all ICOMOS national committees.
(The content of this article is comprehensively organized from Wenbo Online.)